Diamond

            A Diamond, you know that it sparkles and it is every girl’s best friend. They are the har octahedral shape. Once it emerges from the earth, the resulting form and characteristics help to determine the shape, colour and clarity of what the gem will have. The composition of diamonds molecules and its structure makes it so unique and thus gives all qualities that we think of diamond. The hardness of diamond rates 10 on Mohs scale, which means that it is extremely resistant to scratches, it is several times harder than more commonly known as ruby and sapphire.
           The uniqueness of diamond characteristics go beyond what you can see widest natural substance known to mankind. They have brilliance and fire, so they are valuable and have made quintessential symbol of timeless, enduring love. It is a crystal, entirely made up of carbon atom that are cubic or matrix. The simplest of all gemstones, a diamond consists pure crystallized carbon. It begins to crystallize beneath the earth’s surface among a mixture of liquids, gases and crystals.
           When the crystal forms without any interference, is a pure and perfectly formedth your eyes. They do not easily break or crack as diamonds are very tough, thus are extremely resistant to heat and chemicals. Thus it has very fiery sparkling flashes of light transferred from it and thus the superior brilliancy and dispersion that proves the hardness of the gem.

Diamond Shape

            The first step in choosing a diamond often involves selecting your favorite (or her favorite) shape. Do not confuse cut with shape, cut is what determines how well-cut your diamond is, where as diamond shape is the shape it was cut into.

Round The most basic of diamonds, and the only shape not considered "fancy," this shape is very much how it sounds – a rounded diamond in the shape of a circle.

Princess A square cut diamond that has refractive properties almost near round brilliant. Arguably the most popular shape, this squared diamond has only grown in popularity while still being a relatively new shape

Marquise Long and slender, this shape, originally commissioned by Louis XIV of France, is wonderful for maximizing the carat within the setting. The marquise shape will accentuate the length of the fingers and works well on a person with longer fingers

Emerald A rectangular shaped diamond, this shape is reflective of a classic and aristocratic elegance

Pear Mostly used in pendants, the pear shape diamond is shaped in a tear drop shape and has fairly good proportions to refract light well

Heart Essentially a pear shaped diamond with a cleft at the top, the heart shaped diamond is the ultimate symbol of romance. This shaped diamond is frequently seen in pendants but is more than acceptable as a choice in a ring

Oval The most basic of diamonds, and the only shape not considered "fancy," this shape is very much how it sounds – a rounded diamond in the shape of a circle

Radiant This square or rectangular shaped diamond does an excellent job of combining the elegant and classic appeal of the emerald shape with the brilliance of the round shape

Diamond Carat

 
            A carat is a measurement used to signify the weight of the diamond. It is the most precise of the four C's. Diamonds are weighed in metric carats. One carat equals 1/5 gram or approximately 0.007 ounces. It takes a little over 142 carats to equal 1 ounce. Every carat is divided into 100 points. Therefore, a 50-point diamond is also called a ½ carat. Diamond weight is so precise that polished diamonds are weighed to a thousandth of a carat and then rounded off to the nearest hundredth (point). Diamonds weighing less than 20 points are often called melee. Another term often used is grain or grainer

                             

           A grain equals one-quarter (0.25) of a carat. For example, a 75-point diamond would be called in the trade a three grainer and a one-carat stone may be called a four grainer. Loose stones are weighed directly on a scale but mounted stones can only be estimated by plugging their measurements into a mathematical equation. Another quick way of estimating mounted round diamonds is by measuring the diameter of the diamond and comparing it to a size chart.

Diamond Colour

            Most people think all diamonds are colour less. In fact, diamonds come in every colour of the rainbow. With the exception of these rare Colours, Colour less diamonds command the highest prices. The diamond is the only gem in which the less colour it possesses the higher its value. This is due to the rarity of colour less (white) diamonds. A totally colour less diamond allows light to pass through and be transformed into a magnificent rainbow of colour s also known as fire.

Colour Chart

            Diamonds in the normal colour range are graded by how closely they achieve absolute colour lessness. Most diamonds usually have a slight trace of yellow, brown or gray. In the late 1950s the Gemological Institute of America (G.I.A) developed a system using an alphabetical letter to indicate the depth of colour in a diamond. G.I.A assigned D the best colour . Colour s range from D (colour less) to Z (light yellow).



            To colour grade a diamond the stone is compared to diamonds of known colour . These stones are called masters. The highest master stone is an E. Any diamond better than the E master is a D. Each letter grade encompasses a range of colours rather than one specific colour . There is no one exact colour . For example, an H colour diamond can be a good H, very close to the H master, or it can be a bad H, very close to the I master. As long as a diamond is between the H and I master stones, it is considered an H stone. The difference between each master is minute. Mounted diamonds cannot be graded as consistently as loose stones. This is due to the light reflected from its mounting. Without master stones and a proper grading environment a loose diamond can only be approximated to within two grades. A mounted stone can only be approximated to within three or four grades. Even experienced diamond graders have a difficult time distinguishing between any one colour grades without the proper grading environment.

                                     



 
            Clarity is a combination of how many inclusions occur within a diamond and how noticeable they are. Most diamonds contain blemishes on the outside of the diamond or inclusions trapped inside the diamond. These inclusions are what distinguish a single diamond from every other diamond. While determining the diamond's clarity grade the following are considered: Size - How small or large is the inclusion? Position - Where in the stone is the inclusion? colour - How light or dark is the inclusion? Number - How many inclusions are there in the diamond ? Relief - How thick or thin is the inclusion? Nature - What type of inclusion is it?




            Clarity grades range from flawless for a perfectly clean diamond even under a 10 - power microscope to an I3 stone where the diamond is so full of inclusions it is both ugly and breakable. The cleaner the diamond the rarer and more expensive it will be.

Clarity Grades		Description
FL	Flawless	No internal or external flaws
IF	Internally flawless	No internal flaws, slight external blemishes
VVS1, VVS2	Very very slight inclusions	Very difficult for a professional to see under 10X magnification
VS1, VS2	Very slight inclusions	Difficult to see under 10X magnification
SI1, SI2, SI3	Slight inclusions	Easy for a professional to see under 10X magnification, might be visible to the naked eye
I1, I2, I3	Included	Inclusions that are visible to the naked eye

• Avoid wearing diamond jewellery at home especially doing house hold work, or any kind of work which needs effort.
  
  
• See to it that when you are doing house related work the jewellery should nit come in contact with bleach or any acidic solution.

• If you observe that the studded diamond in your jewellery is loose, or it’s moving then recommend the jewellery to a professional jeweler
  
  
• Itis said that diamond cuts diamond itself, see thatwhile the jewellery is not used you carefully placeit in a fabric lined box or those can be separatedbecause it may damage the other jewellery.